Converting the loft is an attractive way to create additional living space. However, important fire protection aspects must be carefully considered.
Loft conversion: building class & protection of existing buildings
The building class is primarily to be checked, as it defines the structural requirements. Specific regulations apply to class 4 and 5 buildings in particular.
In many cases, the protection of existing buildings allows existing ceilings to be retained, provided that they are not significantly altered. In the event of modifications - for sound insulation reasons, for example - fire protection requirements must be met. Furthermore, additional fire walls are often required and the building must be divided into separate fire compartments.
Critical point: Stairwells and escape routes
In the course of a loft conversion, the stairwells and escape routes are a particularly critical aspect in relation to fire protection. For example, stairwell walls must extend below the roof cladding.
In building class 5, load-bearing components must be fire-retardant and made of non-combustible materials. Floor coverings must be flame-retardant. Deviation approvals are often required for existing staircases.
Two escape routes are often mandatory
As a rule, two independent escape routes are required for each residential unit. Typically, the stairs form the first escape route, while fire department aerial appliances provide the second escape route. This requires the provision of appropriate escape windows and parking areas for aerial rescue vehicles. Alternatively, a second escape staircase is often possible or required.
Attic conversions often come up against structural limits. The building situation often does not allow for a second stairwell that meets the strict fire protection requirements. These restrictions repeatedly block the creation of living space in existing buildings.
Innovative solution for creating safe living space
Innovative technologies such as water mist extinguishing systems offer a modern compensation option. They make it possible to create additional living space without having to make costly structural changes.
