A sprinkler system is an automatic extinguishing system designed to fight fires quickly and effectively.
But how exactly does such a sprinkler system work? In this article, we explain the most important principles and components of a sprinkler system.
How does a sprinkler system work? Simply explained.
A typical sprinkler system consists of several main components. The sprinkler heads are the visible parts of the system and are installed on the ceiling or walls. Each sprinkler head contains a heat-sensitive glass bulb or fusible link element.
The pipe system connects the sprinkler heads to the water source. Depending on the type of system, this system can either be filled with water (wet system) or with compressed air (dry system). Dry systems are mainly used in areas at risk of frost, as the water only flows into the pipes in the event of a fire. The water source of a sprinkler system can be a public water connection, a special extinguishing water tank or a combination of both. Pumps are also used to ensure the necessary water pressure.
These carefully coordinated components ensure that the sprinkler system functions reliably in an emergency.
How does a sprinkler work?
Sprinklers can be triggered by two different mechanisms: Glass ampoules or fusible link elements.
The more commonly used glass ampoule contains a special colored liquid with an air bubble. The color of the liquid indicates the triggering temperature, which is about 30°C above the local room temperature/normal ambient temperature. As soon as this temperature is reached, the liquid expands until the ampoule breaks. This opens the nozzle and extinguishing water is released.
Good to know: The color coding (from orange to violet) enables quick visual identification of the respective trigger temperature.
Selective activation is also an important safety aspect - only the sprinklers whose trigger temperature has actually been reached are triggered.
Alternatively, sprinklers can be equipped with a fusible link element. In this case, the water flow is blocked by a soldering material that melts at a certain temperature. Both systems are characterized by their high reliability and ensure that extinguishing water is only released in the event of a fire.